Physics education (TVFd)
Adaptation of Young Physicists Tournament problems for upper secondary school level.
SK
Each year there are interesting and unconventional problems solved within the Young Physicists Tournament (YPT). Students solving these problems develop their knowledge and inquiry abilities. There is a limited number of schools involved into the competition within afternoon activities. The problems as solved by students who present and discuss their research project changing the roles of presenter, opponent and reviewer. This system offers great opportunities to implement some elements also in regular physics education. The main goal of the thesis is to implement selected YPT into upper secondary school level in the form of laboratory exercises. The PhD student is expected to select problems for specific topics that are suitable for development of inquiry skills, adapt them into the guided inquiry level and design educational materials both for students and teachers. Consequently, the pedagogical research will be designed to test the developed activities and materials at schools.
doc. RNDr. Marián Kireš, PhD.
prof. RNDr. Peter Kollár, DrSc.
Advanced Materials (PMdeAj)
Advanced soft magnetic composites with ferrite insulation
EN
The study is oriented on the preparation and the investigation of magnetic composite materials based on the Fe particles coated by ferrite. Due to their unique properties, soft magnetic composites have been used in recent years, for example, in electric motors and power electronics. Potential advantage of soft magnetic ferrites when used as electro insulating layer instead of other insulations is their ferrimagnetic behaviour, improving the magnetic interaction between the ferromagnetic powder particles in the final composite. Composite materials will be prepared by pressing under different physical conditions. The hysteresis loops and their energy losses, the electrical resistivity and wideband complex permeability will be studied on prepared materials. The aim is the optimization of preparation process (composition, method of preparation of hybrid powder material, pressing parameters, annealing parameters) of soft magnetic materials with required magnetic properties at middle-frequencies.
Research on the magnetic properties of soft magnetic composites (SMCs) and soft magnetic ferrites (SMFs). Preparation of SMCs and SMFs, including the development of novel material preparation methods. Measurement of the electromagnetic properties of SMCs and their temperature dependencies and characterization of the prepared materials with emphasis on magnetic losses and their individual components. Optimization of material preparation processes aimed at achieving advanced soft magnetic composites.
1. R. M. Bozorth, Ferromagnetism, third edition (IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ), 1993. 2. S. Chikazumi, Physics of Ferromagnetism, Oxford University press, 1997 3. scientific publications on the subject of soft magnetic composites
doc. RNDr. Ján Füzer, PhD.
Physics education (TVFdAj)
AI tools in innovative physics education.
EN
Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, especially chatbots based on advanced large-scale neural language models such as ChatGPT, Bard, or Claud, earned significant attention in 2023 across various human activity sectors, including physics education and STEM subjects, due to their impressive capabilities. This dissertation will focus on an in-depth analysis of the current state, impact, dynamic development, and potential of these technologies within the context of innovative physics education. It will explore the possibilities of integrating AI into curricula and teaching methods, aiming to prepare exemplary educational activities supported by AI in a selected area of physics, along with methodological guidelines for their effective use. The empirical mixed methods research will be oriented towards analyzing the impact of these technologies on motivation and teaching efficiency at secondary and tertiary education levels. The work should also evaluate new perspectives on using AI, which could significantly enrich and transform current pedagogical practices in physics education.
The main goal of this dissertation is to theoretically and empirically evaluate the impact and potential of AI tools on improving physics education. Achieving this goal should be realized through integrating AI into physics curricula, creating corresponding educational activities supported by AI, and verifying and analyzing their impact on motivation and efficiency in secondary and tertiary education.
[1] J. W. Creswell and V. L. P. Clark, Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research, 3rd ed. London: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2017. ISBN 978-1-483346-98-4 [2] W. Daher, H. Diab, and A. Rayan, “Artificial Intelligence Generative Tools and Conceptual Knowledge in Problem Solving in Chemistry,” Information, vol. 14, no. 7, Art. no. 7, 2023 [3] M. N. Dahlkemper, S. Z. Lahme, and P. Klein, “How do physics students evaluate artificial intelligence responses on comprehension questions? A study on the perceived scientific accuracy and linguistic quality of ChatGPT,” Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res., vol. 19, no. 1, p. 010142, 2023 [4] A. Al-Marzouqi (ed.) rt al., Artificial Intelligence in Education: The Power and Dangers of ChatGPT in the Classroom. Springer, 2024. ISBN 978-3-031-52280-2. [5] G. Kortemeyer, “Toward AI grading of student problem solutions in introductory physics: A feasibility study,” Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res., vol. 19, no. 2, p. 020163, 2023 [6] W. Xu and F. Ouyang, "The Application of AI Technologies in STEM Education: A Systematic Review from 2011 to 2021," International Journal of STEM Education, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 59, 2022.
doc. RNDr. Jozef Hanč, PhD.
Biophysics (BFd)
Amyloid Fibrils of α-Lactalbumin and Lysozyme: Formation, Characterization, and Stability in Complex Systems
SK
Amyloid aggregation is a process by which native proteins undergo a structural transformation into highly ordered amyloid fibrils with a characteristic cross-β sheet secondary structure. Although amyloid fibrils have traditionally been associated with pathological conditions known as amyloidoses, recent research highlights their potential applications in biotechnology and the food industry, particularly as bioactive proteins with added nutritional value. α-Lactalbumin (α-LA) and lysozyme are well-characterized globular proteins that naturally occur in food matrices. α-Lactalbumin, a protein present in mammalian milk, and lysozyme, an enzyme found primarily in egg white and mammalian secretions, represent suitable model systems for studying the formation of amyloid fibrils and hydrogels. Lysozyme is known for its high stability, antimicrobial activity, and ability to form amyloid fibrils under defined denaturing conditions, making it an attractive model for investigating the relationship between structure, stability, and functional properties of amyloid systems. The thesis also explores the potential applications of amyloid fibrils and hydrogels of both proteins in the food sector, either as nutritional supplements with added nutritional value or as carriers and stabilizers of hydrophobic bioactive compounds. The obtained results may contribute to a better understanding of the behavior of food-related amyloid structures under biologically relevant conditions and to elucidating their potential as next-generation nutritional preparations.
The identification and optimization of conditions leading to the formation of amyloid fibrils and hydrogels of α-lactalbumin and lysozyme, particularly in the presence of various salts, at different pH values, temperatures, and agitation rates, and the detailed structural and morphological characterization of these systems using biophysical methods (fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, ATR-FTIR, atomic force microscopy, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). The stability of amyloid fibrils and hydrogels will be evaluated in the presence of proteolytic enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, and others), detergents such as SDS, and selected nanoparticles in order to assess their resistance and interactions in complex systems.
(1) Cao Y, Mezzenga R. Food protein amyloid fibrils: Origin, structure, formation, characterization, applications and health implications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2019 269:334-356. (2) Cheong DY, Roh S, Park I, Lin Y, Lee YH, Lee T, Lee SW, Lee D, Jung HG, Kim H, Lee W, Yoon DS, Hong Y, Lee G. Proteolysis-driven proliferation and rigidification of pepsin-resistant amyloid fibrils. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023; 227:601-607. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.104.
RNDr. Andrea Antošová, PhD.
doc. RNDr. Zuzana Gažová, DrSc.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Crystal plasticity and fracture of entropy-stabilized carbides: micro/nanomechanical testing and FEM modelling Kryštálová plasticita a lom entropicky stabilizovaných karbidov: mikro/nanomechanické testovanie a modelovanie MKP
EN
The research focuses mainly on entropy-stabilised carbides, which is a large new group of materials, primarily as promising next-generation ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) for hypersonic and space applications. The topic includes the structural characterization (e.g. XRD, SEM, EBSD) of samples, but the main tasks will be the state-of-the-art micro/nanomechanical testing of grains (nanoindentation, micropillar compression, microcantilever bending) and their FEM modelling, including both plastic deformation and plasticity. The doctoral student will get familiarised with all techniques, however, basic knowledge of FEM modelling is required. Additionally, independent learning of new knowledge and good communication skills in English (both written and oral) is advantageous. Knowledge of cohesive zone and/or crystal plasticity modelling in FEM is a great advantage during the selection process.
The dissertation work addresses the development of deformable ceramics, through the understanding and modification of crystal plasticity and fracture of grains, using micro/nanomechanical testing and finite element method (FEM) modelling.
research journals
MSc. Tamás Csanádi, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Design and synthesis of entropy-stabilized ultra-high temperature ceramics with superior strength and plasticity
EN
The dissertation work addresses the design and synthesis of novel ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs), the only group of materials that can withstand temperatures exceeding 2000°C, with superior strength and plasticity. The research focuses on entropy-stabilised UHTCs as a large new group of materials, consisting of at least four different transition metals in the crystal lattice. The large compositional space makes it possible to design deformable ceramics instead of brittle UHTCs that exit to date (e.g. HfC, ZrB2). The topic includes the design of thermodynamically stable compositions, optimisation of processing route, structural characterization (e.g. XRD, SEM, EBSD) and mechanical testing of samples. The doctoral student will get familiarised with all techniques, however, basic knowledge of thermodynamics and the use of phase diagrams is required. Additionally, independent learning of new knowledge and good communication skills in English (both written and oral) is advantageous. Knowledge of CALPHAD software for calculations of phase diagrams, such as Thermo-Calc, is a great advantage during the selection process.
The dissertation work addresses the design and synthesis of novel ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs)
research journals
MSc. Tamás Csanádi, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMdAj)
Thin film electrocatalysts based on transition metals for applications in electrolyzers and fuel cells
SK
The production of energy from renewable sources and its storage in green hydrogen are among the basic pillars of the so-called hydrogen economy, which will play an increasingly large role in the energy foundations of the world economy. Catalysts play a key role in the foundations of the hydrogen economy, because without them it would not be possible to implement the basic chemical processes taking place for energy conversion such as: water electrolysis, water photodecomposition, methane decomposition for hydrogen production, as well as to increase the performance of fuel cells in the conversion of chemical energy bound in the hydrogen and oxygen molecule directly into electrical energy. Also, the evolution of hydrogen and oxygen, as well as the reduction of oxygen, which requires the presence of a catalyst, are among the reactions that play a key role in the efficient production of hydrogen and oxygen and in the production of electrical energy from hydrogen. In connection with the above-mentioned technologically significant processes, the main goal of the dissertation is the targeted design and preparation of thin-film catalysts using magnetron sputtering and the determination of their activity and stability in selected application areas.
The main goal of the work is the preparation of thin-film catalysts using magnetron sputtering and the study of their catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution and oxygen reduction.
A. Wieckowski, Interfacia Electrochemistry, CRC Press, 1999 M. Koper, Fuel Cell Catalysis, Willey, 2009
doc. Mgr. Vladimír Komanický, Ph.D.
Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLd)
Experimental study of anomalous vibrational states in ordered and disordered systems
SK
Anomalous vibrational states in solids are responsible for the non-trivial behaviour of several measurable physical quantities. In disordered systems, additional vibrational states manifest as a maximum in the temperature dependence of the heat capacity, which we refer to as the boson peak (BP). In the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity κ(T), the presence of anomalous vibrational states typically manifests itself in the formation of a temperature plateau, i.e., a region in which κ(T) is approximately constant. BP is also observed in ordered systems, and its formation may be related to non-trivial phonon dispersion spectra. The origin of BP is the subject of extensive discussion, and there is still no generally accepted final explanation. In magnetic samples, these vibrational states can also affect magnetic relaxation; in this case, magnetic ions serve as an additional experimental probe to characterise these anomalies.
This work will investigate the possible origins of anomalies in phonon spectra by studying phosphate glass samples and layered ordered systems. The work will be mainly experimental, supplemented by a study of current theoretical models to interpret the experimental data. The analysis of experimental data will be performed using various software packages to describe the physical mechanisms behind the measured quantities, such as heat capacity and thermal conductivity. For magnetic samples, static and dynamic magnetic properties will be measured.
1. Miguel A Ramos, Low-Temperature Thermal and Vibrational Properties of Disordered Solids, A Half-Century of Universal “Anomalies” of Glasses, World Scientific (2022), 2. J. F. Gebbia et al., Glassy Anomalies in the Low-Temperature Thermal Properties of a Minimally Disordered Crystalline Solid, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 215506 (2017).
RNDr. Vladimír Tkáč, PhD.
Physics education (TVFd)
Formative assessment in physics teaching at secondary school
SK
Formative assessment is one of the most effective educational interventions to influence students´ achievements in their process of learning. Formative assessment is aimed at providing feedback to assist students´ learning. The main thesis goal is to analyse available formative assessment tools and consider their implementation to support learning in physics. The PhD student is expected to design a set of formative assessment tools for inquiry activities that will be consistently implemented into the inquiry-based learning scenario in order to develop understanding as well as inquiry skills so that learners assume more responsibility and become more independent in their own learning. The effectivity of the designed model will be evaluated by pedagogical research.
1. Analyze methods, strategies, and assessment tools used in secondary school teaching with an emphasis on formative assessment. 2. Assess the possibilities of implementing formative assessment tools into physics teaching at the secondary school level. 3. Propose a set of formative assessment tools for inquiry-based activities, which will be purposefully and systematically integrated into the structure of inquiry-oriented teaching. 4. Verify the effectiveness of the proposed model through educational research
[1] Black, P. & WIiliam, P. 1998. Assessment and classroom learning, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 7-74, https://doi.org/10.1080/0969595980050102 [2] Etkina, E., Karelina, A., Murthy, S. & Ruibal-Villasenor, M. 2009. Using action research to improve learning and formative assessment to conduct research, Phys. Rev. St Phys. Educ. Res. 5, 010109 [3] Harlen, W. 2013. Assessment & Inquiry-Based Science Education: Issues in Policy and Practice. Global Network of Science Academies (IAP) Science Education Programme (SEP), available at https://www.interacademies.org/sites/default/files/publication/ibse_assessment_guide_iap_sep_0.pdf
doc. RNDr. Zuzana Ješková, PhD.
Biophysics (BFd)
Generative Modeling of Nanobody Conformational Ensembles
SK
Single-domain antibodies (nanobodies or VHHs) have emerged as powerful therapeutic modalities due to their extended Complementarity Determining Region 3 (CDR3) loops, which can penetrate cryptic epitopes inaccessible to conventional immunoglobulins. However, the current paradigm of computational protein design relies heavily on static structural predictions derived from models like AlphaFold and ProteinMPNN. These models predominantly output rigid-body coordinates based on crystallographic data, thereby neglecting the thermodynamic flexibility and entropic contributions that govern high-affinity binding and specificity. This "static bias" limits the development of binders for intrinsically disordered regions or targets requiring induced-fit mechanisms, such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This thesis proposes a novel generative artificial intelligence framework designed to predict and engineer nanobody conformational ensembles rather than single static structures. By bridging the gap between high-throughput Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations and geometric deep learning, this research aims to learn the latent manifold of CDR loop fluctuations. The methodology involves the construction of a comprehensive "dynamic atlas" of VHH motions, training an SE(3)-equivariant graph neural network to predict distributional structural variance, and developing a diffusion-based generative model conditioned on specific motion profiles.
Research objectives: • Construct dynamic VHH library with microsecond-scale MD • Develop a Geometric Equivariant Network for Ensembles • Generative Design of Allosteric Regulator
prof. RNDr. Erik Sedlák, DrSc.
RNDr. Martin Menkyna, PhD.
Biophysics (BFd)
Chemical and Morphological Mapping of Living Cells Using Raman Microscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
SK
Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a non-destructive vibrational analytical technique that provides specific structural information at the molecular level. A Raman spectrum represents a unique “fingerprint” of the analyzed compound. Owing to minimal sample preparation requirements, the ability to perform measurements in aqueous solutions, and the absence of a need for external labelling, RS has found significant applications in biomedicine. Moreover, the combination of RS with optical microscopy, known as Raman microscopy, enables chemical mapping of cells, tissues, and subcellular structures with a spatial resolution of approximately 1 μm, including measurements in living systems under physiological conditions. However, the practical use of RS is limited by its low sensitivity and interference from typically strong fluorescence background signals. These limitations can be overcome by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), which, due to the presence of metal nanoparticles, enables a substantial enhancement of the Raman signal, fluorescence suppression, and consequently the detection of low molecular concentrations. In this context, specific Raman tags and SERS-active nanostructures play also an important role, as they significantly expand the possibilities for targeted and spectrally rich Raman imaging. The aim of the PhD thesis is to apply and further develop Raman microscopy and SERS for the study of chemical, structural, and morphological changes in living cells induced by various factors, such as exposure to nanoparticles, interactions with bioactive molecules (e.g., drugs), radiation exposure, or photodynamic therapy. Particular emphasis will be placed on the selection, investigation, and optimization of Raman tags, as well as on the design of new tags suitable for targeted and spectrally rich Raman imaging of biological systems. The thesis will also include chemometric analysis of hyperspectral Raman data aimed at identifying relevant spectral markers and quantitative correlations between chemical changes and biological processes. The results are expected to contribute to the development of Raman and SERS microscopy as non-invasive and molecularly specific tools for biophysical analysis of cells.
The aim of the PhD thesis is to apply and further develop Raman microscopy and SERS for the study of chemical, structural, and morphological changes in living cells induced by various factors, such as exposure to nanoparticles, interactions with bioactive molecules (e.g., drugs), radiation exposure, or photodynamic therapy. Particular emphasis will be placed on the selection, investigation, and optimization of Raman tags, as well as on the design of new tags suitable for targeted and spectrally rich Raman imaging of biological systems. The thesis will also include chemometric analysis of hyperspectral Raman data aimed at identifying relevant spectral markers and quantitative correlations between chemical changes and biological processes.
1. Colthup, N. B.; Daly, L. H.; Wiberley, S. E.: Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy. Third Edition, Academic Press, Elsevier Inc (1990). 2. Lewis, I. R.; Edwards, H.: Handbook of Raman Spectroscopy. From the Research Laboratory to the Process Line. CRC Press (2001). 3. Exline, D.: Comparison of Raman and FTIR Spectroscopy: Advantages and Limitations, Gateway Analytical (2013) https://gatewayanalytical.com/resources/publications/ comparison-raman-and-ftir-spectroscopy-advantages-and-limitations/ 4. Aroca, R.: Surface-Enhanced Vibrational Spectroscopy. Wiley (2006). 5. Dieing, T.; Hollricher, O.; Toporski, J. (eds.): Confocal Raman Microscopy, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Berlin Heidelberg (2010). 6. Zoubir, A. (ed.): Raman Imaging. Techniques and Applications. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2012). 7. Súbor aktuálnych vedeckých publikácií zo študovanej problematiky, napr.: Pasteris J. D. (2020) Welcome to Raman Spectroscopy: Successes, Challenges, and Pitfalls. Elements, ffhal-03049553; Pezzotti, G. (2021) Raman spectroscopy in cell biology and microbiology, Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 52(12), 2348-2443; Wachsmann-Hogiu S. et al. (2009) Chemical analysis in vivo and in vitro by Raman spectroscopy—from single cells to humans. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 20(1), 63–73; Chisanga, M. et al (2019) Enhancing Disease Diagnosis: Biomedical Applications of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. Applied Sciences 9(6), 1163; Ember K. J. I. (2017) Raman spectroscopy and regenerative medicine: a review. Npj Regenerative Medicine, 2(1); Bukowska J. et al. (2013) Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) in Bioscience: A Review of Application. Optical Spectroscopy and Computational Methods in Biology and Medicine, 29–59; Lin C. et al.: (2023) Recent development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering for biosensing Journal of Nanobiotechnology 21, 149; atď.
RNDr. Zuzana Jurašeková, PhD.
RNDr. Veronika Huntošová, PhD.
Physics education (TVFdAj)
Interactive methods and technologies in teaching physics of the microworld
EN
The thesis is focused on physic education research in the new curriculum (content and approaches) in teaching physics using the latest interactive teaching methods and digital technology. The new curriculum should more reflect the current scientific knowledge and technological progress as traditional. At the same time, it should provide the necessary foundation for future natural scientists and engineers, who will be working on such problems as the design of new conductive materials, data storage of high density and access speed, new communications technologies, nanoscience and nanotechnology, alternative energy sources, quantum computers, computer drug design, and modelling of complex systems involving extreme climatic and geophysical phenomena. The work of a Ph.D. student will be concentrated on a study, selection, and preparation of educational activities in physics of the microworld, supported by experiments. The main goal will be the research dealing with the implementation of the new content in the micro-world physics in the school curriculum with subsequent analysis of the impact and effectiveness of selected methods and technologies. The applicant must have some experience in Jupyter technology, Geogebra modelling, and fundamentals of modern physics, especially Feynman’s spacetime approach to quantum physics and Einstein’s theory of relativity.
The work of a Ph.D. student will be concentrated on a study, selection, and preparation of educational activities in physics of the microworld, supported by experiments. The main goal will be the research dealing with the implementation of the new content in the micro-world physics in the school curriculum with subsequent analysis of the impact and effectiveness of selected methods and technologies.
[1] R. Chabay and B. Sherwood, Matter & Interactions. 4th ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2020. ISBN 978-1-119-08081-7. [2] M. G. Jones, Nanoscale Science: Activities for Grades 6-12. Arlington, VA, USA: NSTA Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-933531-05-2. [3] T. A. Moore, Six Ideas that Shaped Physics: Units C, N, E, T, R, Q. 3rd ed., Vols. 1–6. Boston, MA, USA: McGraw-Hill Education, 2022. ISBN: 978-1-26-488144-4. [4] C. Hughes, J. Isaacson, A. Perry, R. F. Sun and J. Turner, Quantum Computing for the Quantum Curious. London, UK: Springer International Publishing, 2021. ISBN: 978-3-030-61600-7. [5] D. Prutchi, Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects. John Wiley & Sons, 2012. ISBN 978-1-118-14066-6.
doc. RNDr. Jozef Hanč, PhD.
Physics education (TVFd)
Interactive methods and technologies in teaching physics of the microworld
SK
The thesis is focused on physic education research in the new curriculum (content and approaches) in teaching physics using the latest interactive teaching methods and digital technology. The new curriculum should more reflect the current scientific knowledge and technological progress as traditional. At the same time, it should provide the necessary foundation for future natural scientists and engineers, who will be working on such problems as the design of new conductive materials, data storage of high density and access speed, new communications technologies, nanoscience and nanotechnology, alternative energy sources, quantum computers, computer drug design, and modelling of complex systems involving extreme climatic and geophysical phenomena. The work of a Ph.D. student will be concentrated on a study, selection, and preparation of educational activities in physics of the microworld, supported by experiments. The main goal will be the research dealing with the implementation of the new content in the micro-world physics in the school curriculum with subsequent analysis of the impact and effectiveness of selected methods and technologies. The applicant must have some experience in Jupyter technology, Geogebra modelling, and fundamentals of modern physics, especially Feynman’s spacetime approach to quantum physics and Einstein’s theory of relativity.
The work of a Ph.D. student will be concentrated on a study, selection, and preparation of educational activities in physics of the microworld, supported by experiments. The main goal will be the research dealing with the implementation of the new content in the micro-world physics in the school curriculum with subsequent analysis of the impact and effectiveness of selected methods and technologies.
[1] R. Chabay and B. Sherwood, Matter & Interactions. 4th ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 2020. ISBN 978-1-119-08081-7. [2] M. G. Jones, Nanoscale Science: Activities for Grades 6-12. Arlington, VA, USA: NSTA Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-933531-05-2. [3] T. A. Moore, Six Ideas that Shaped Physics: Units C, N, E, T, R, Q. 3rd ed., Vols. 1–6. Boston, MA, USA: McGraw-Hill Education, 2022. ISBN: 978-1-26-488144-4. [4] C. Hughes, J. Isaacson, A. Perry, R. F. Sun and J. Turner, Quantum Computing for the Quantum Curious. London, UK: Springer International Publishing, 2021. ISBN: 978-3-030-61600-7. [5] D. Prutchi, Exploring Quantum Physics through Hands-on Projects. John Wiley & Sons, 2012. ISBN 978-1-118-14066-6.
doc. RNDr. Jozef Hanč, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Catalysts for water decomposition from recycled batteries for membrane electrolyzers
SK
Anotation of disertation work: The dissertation focuses on the development of sustainable and low-cost electrocatalysts for green hydrogen production through the recycling of metals from end-of-life lithium-ion batteries. The research targets the recovery of transition and critical metals, particularly Co, Ni, Fe, and Li, and their conversion into advanced electrocatalytic materials for water splitting. The developed catalysts will be characterized using electrochemical methods and tested in laboratory-scale membrane electrolyzers. This approach embodies the “waste-to-value” principle, promotes a circular economy, and contributes to reducing the cost of green hydrogen production in line with the objectives of the European Green Deal.
Preparation of a membrane electrod assembly for PEM cell with electrocatalysts based on for efficient production of hydrogen as the fuel of the future.
currwt research literature
RNDr. Magdaléna Strečková, PhD.
Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLd)
Quantum materials under extreme conditions
SK
Quantum materials, such as frustrated magnets, topological insulators, strongly correlated metals or exotic superconductors, are highlights in the theoretical and experimental study of solids and are beginning to be used in applications connected with quantum technologies. Understanding the ground state of these systems requires their investigation under extreme conditions, i.e. at very low temperatures, high magnetic fields or pressures. Specifically, the dissertation would deal with the study of the influence of a high magnetic field and hydrostatic pressure on the thermal, transport and magnetic properties of selected borides and boron-doped diamonds at kelvin to millikelvin temperatures.
The study of the influence of a high magnetic field and hydrostatic pressure on the thermal, transport and magnetic properties of selected tetra-, hexa-, dodeca- borides and boron-doped diamond thin films at kelvin to milikelvin temperatures.
[1] KITTEL Ch., Úvod do fyziky pevných látek, Academia, Praha, 1985 [2] GABÁNI S. et al., Magnetism and superconductivity of rare earth borides, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 821 (2020), 153201 [3] GABÁNI S. a kol., Fyzika a technika vysokých tlakov II., skriptá, ÚEF SAV Košice, 2016 [4] ZHANG G. et al.: https://sites.google.com/view/gufeizhang/home/research-highlights?pli=1
doc. RNDr. Slavomír Gabáni, PhD.
prof. Dr. Gufei Zhang, Ph.D.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloys prepared by unconventional thermal processing techniques
SK
The PhD thesis is focused on the employment of unconventional techniques of thermal processing in order to tailor the structural and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline alloys based on 3-d metals. We plan to use facility for ultra-rapid annealing of thin metallic ribbons constructed recently at IEP SAS. In this facility, the annealed samples are clamped between pair of the pre-heated massive Cu-blocks and typical annealing times take few seconds. High heating rates and much shorter processing times as compared to conventional annealing allow extend the composition interval where the annealed samples are still capable to form nanocrystalline structure. The other technique of thermal processing in this work is the annealing in a presence of high magnetic fields. We plan to perform a detailed study of structural and magnetic properties of selected alloy systems. The main goal of thesis is improvement of functional properties of studied materials for potential technical applications.
Research of Soft magnetic nanocrystalline alloys prepared by unconventional thermal processing techniques
Current research journals
RNDr. Ivan Škorvánek, CSc.
Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLd)
Magnetization processes in soft magnetic ferrites
SK
RNDr. Samuel Dobák, PhD.
Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLdAj)
Magnetization processes in soft magnetic ferrites
EN
Soft magnetic ferrites with a spinel structure, primarily based on iron oxides combined with manganese, nickel, and zinc, are ceramic materials with important applications in high-frequency technologies. The dissertation focuses on a systematic study of the frequency-resolved dynamics of domain walls and spin rotation in these materials. At the same time, it clarifies the influence of selected application-oriented parameters on dissipation mechanisms mediated by conduction electrons and the precessional motion of spins in domains and moving domain walls, studied using fluxmetric and RF transmission methods.
To study and explain the influence of selected application-oriented parameters on the dynamics of magnetization processes and their associated loss mechanisms in soft magnetic ferrites.
[1] F. Fiorillo, Characterization and Measurement of Magnetic Materials, Elsevier Series in Electromagnetism (Academic Press, San Diego, 2004). [2] S. Dobák, C. Beatrice, V. Tsakaloudi, and F. Fiorillo, Magnetochemistry 8(6), 60 (2022).
RNDr. Samuel Dobák, PhD.
Physics (Fd)
Field-theoretic renormalization group methods in nonequilibrium stochastic dynamics
SK
In recent years, an interdisciplinary field of research dealing with different reaction-diffusion models has gained considerable importance. Such models can be used to describe diverse phenomena such as the propagation of disturbances in matter, the evolution of infections in biological systems, or even political views. The main focus will be on the investigation of scaling behaviour and its aspects in different types of percolation process. The dynamics of processes with a variable number of agents is described using governing equations for probabilities, which can be reformulated into equations for state vectors using the Doi mechanism, and these can then be transformed as field-theoretic models for fluctuating fields with certain effective effects. A typical feature of these models is the presence of strong fluctuations in the critical region that preclude the use of ordinary perturbation theory. It is necessary to apply the perturbation methods of quantum-field theory, functional integration and renormalization group. Using these, the effects in question would be investigated in order to identify the macroscopic behavior of interest. From a practical point of view, similar to critical phenomena theory, universal quantities of the type of critical indices would be studied and computed within a given perturbation scheme. Specific calculations would be implemented in the form of Feynman diagrams, with efforts directed at improving existing multi-loop results.
Solving actual problems of nonequilibrium phase transitions in different models of percolation process using statistical field theory and perturbation renormalization group methods. The main aim will consist in the application of many-loop calculations of representative universal quantities.
J. Zinn Justin, Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena, (Oxford Univers Press, 1989) A. N. Vasil’ev The Field Theoretic Renormalization Group in Critical Behavior Theory and Stochastic Dynamics, Boca Raton:Chapman & Hall/CRC (2004) U. C. Tauber, Critical Dynamics: A Field Theory Ap- proach to Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Scaling Be- havior (Cambridge University Press, 2014)] H.-K. Janssen and U. C. Tauber, Annals of Physics 315, 147 (2005), U. C. Tauber, M. Howard, and B. P. Vollmayr-Lee, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 38, R79 (2005) H.-K. Janssen. O. Stenull 2017 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 50 324002
RNDr. Tomáš Lučivjanský, PhD., univerzitný docent
prof. RNDr. Michal Hnatič, DrSc.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
FEM of micromechanil tests of hard coatings
SK
The work is focused on a detail study of the processes of stress and deformation states during instrumented nanoindentation, scratch and tribological tests in the coated composite systems using finite element modelling (FEM) externded FEM (xFEM) and Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) methods and subsequent experimental verification. The work will be performed on thin coatings on substrates with different mechanical properties. The aim is to understand the details of damage mechanisms in coatings in dependence on the loading conditions as well as the optimization of the conditions for the measurement of the mechanical properties and tribological properties of the studied coatings.
Detail study of the stress and deformation states during instrumented nanoindentation, scratch and tribological tests in the composite systems coating/substrate using finite element modelling (FEM)
1. A.K. Bhattacharya, W.D. Nix, Finite element simulation of indentation experiments, Int. J. Solids Structures 24 (1988) 881-891. doi: 10.1016/0020-7683(88)90039-X 2. H. ur Rehman, F. Ahmed, Ch. Schmid, J. Schaufler, K. Durst, Study on the deformation mechanics of hard brittle coatings on ductile substrates using in situ tensile testing and cohesive zone modelling, Surf. Coat Technol. 207 (2012)163-169. doi: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.06.049 3. Sun, T. Bell, S. Zheng, Finite element analysis of the critical ratio of coating thickness to indentation depth for coating property measurements by nanoindentation, Thin Solid Films 258 (1995) 198-204. doi: 10.1016/0040-6090(94)06357-5 4. T, Csanádi, D. Németh, F. Lofaj, Mechanical Properties of Hard W-C Coating on Steel Substrate Deduced from Nanoindentation and Finite Element Modeling, Exp. Mechanics 57 (2017) 1057 – 1069. Doi: 10.1007/s11340-016-0190-x
doc. RNDr. František Lofaj, DrSc.
Physics education (TVFd)
Model of teaching University General physics course
SK
At University level there are mostly traditional teaching methods based on lectures used. However, after the implementation of curriculum reform there is a significant decrease in the level of knowledge and skills of students entering University. The current situation calls for changes in education, concerning the first physics courses that students take part, in particular. These changes should lead to higher students´ engagement in their own learning by implementing interactive methods even during the lectures shifting the traditional way of teaching to more active learning environment. The thesis is aimed at the analysis of students’ level of understanding and skills before they start their University study, development of activities based on interactive approach, their implementation and analysis of their efficiency.
1. Analyze available interactive methods suitable primarily for teaching physics at the university level. 2. Evaluate and select appropriate interactive methods for teaching the General Physics course at the University. 3. Prepare a series of activities for systematic implementation into the teaching of the General Physics course, both for lecture-based instruction and to support the conduct of practical exercises. 4. Verify the developed teaching model for the General Physics course through a pedagogical experiment.
[1] Proceedings ICPE-EPEC 2013 conference, August 5-9, 2013, Prague, Czech republic, Amsterdam, Active learning in a changing world of new technologies, Charles University in Prague, MATFYZPRESS publisher, Prague 2013, available on <http://www.icpe2013.org/proceedings> [2] Thornton, R., Sokoloff, D. Interactive Lecture Demonstrations, Active learning in Introductory Physics, 2004 John Wiley and Sons [3] Redish, F., J. Research-Based Reform of University Physics, available on <http://per-central.org/per_reviews/media/volume1/> [4] Beichner, R., J., et al. ThHe Student-Centered Activities for Large Enrollment Undergraduate Programs (SCALE-UP) Project, available on http://www.per-central.org/document/ServeFile.cfm?ID=4517 [5] Redish, E,F., Teaching Physics with the Physics Suite, 2003 John Wiley and Sons [6] Laws, P. et al. Physics with Video Analysis, published by Vernier Software and Technology, 2009, ISBN-978-1-929075-11-9
doc. RNDr. Zuzana Ješková, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Modelling of phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of the systems for high temperature applications
SK
The subjects of the study are systems containing mainly refractory metals and boron as the basis of materials potentially suitable for high-temperature use. The results of the thesis will allow extending the possibility of designing new materials for high-temperature use by computational methods without the need for time-consuming experimental testing.
The aim is to refine the uncertainty of phase diagrams and to investigate unknown parts of selected systems by experimental methods of differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy and subsequently to model their phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties using the semi-empirical Calphad-method.
Research journals
RNDr. Viera Homolová, PhD.
Biophysics (BFd)
Molecular Mechanisms of Amyloid Protein Aggregation and Its Inhibition
SK
Amyloid structures have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson´s disease), but it is increasingly accepted that all proteins can form amyloid structures, including food proteins (lactalbumin, lactoglobulin). It is important to identify favorable conditions for the formation of amyloid aggregates and, at the same time, the possibility of preventing or circumventing undesirable health effects by altering the protein.
The main aims of this work will be to understand the mechanisms of protein (lysozyme, insulin, lactalbumin, and others) amyloid aggregation, as well as to identify protein amyloid inhibitors (small molecules, nanoparticles, poly/peptides). Various physico-chemical methods will be used, especially spectroscopic techniques (fluorescence, circular dichroism, ATR-FTIR), atomic force microscopy, and PAGE electrophoresis.
(1) López-García P, Tejero-Ojeda MM, Vaquero ME, Carrión-Vázquez M. Current amyloid inhibitors: Therapeutic applications and nanomaterial-based innovations. Prog Neurobiol. 2025;247:102734. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2025.102734. (2) Greenwald J, Riek R. Biology of amyloid: Structure, function, and regulation. Structure. 2010;18(10):1244–1260. doi:10.1016/j.str.2010.08.009.
doc. RNDr. Zuzana Gažová, DrSc.
RNDr. Andrea Antošová, PhD.
Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLd); Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLd)
Nanoparticle systems as objects from the perspective of relaxation dynamics
SK
The work is oriented to the experimental study of nanoparticle systems based on ferrites and cobalt ferrites with a size of around 10 nm, which can be used in biomedicine. The non-equilibrium dynamics will be investigated using a wide range of experimental protocols of dc and ac susceptibility measurements. For measurements in dc external fields, the methods of IRM, DCD magnetization, the phenomenon of "memory and aging" effect will be used. Experimental data from ac susceptibility (differential susceptibility) will be fitted using Néel-Arhenius, Vogel-Fulcher models, critical index law and full scaling analysis. The results of magnetic measurements will be explained with regard to the correlation of their structural parameters (particle size, influence of surface anisotropy, etc.). Magnetic parameters that affect the use of studied nanoparticles in biomedicine will be specified.
1. S. Gubin, Magnetic Nanoparticles, 2009 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2. J. L. Dorman, D. Fiorani, Magnetic Properties of Fine Particles, 1992 North Holland 3. R. Hillzinger, W. Rodewald, Magnetic Materials, 2012 Wiley-VCH Verlag.
doc. RNDr. Adriana Zeleňáková, DrSc.
Physics education (TVFd)
AI tools in innovative physics education.
SK
Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, especially chatbots based on advanced large-scale neural language models such as ChatGPT, Gemini, or Mistral, earned significant attention in 2023-2024 across various human activity sectors, including physics education and STEM subjects, due to their impressive capabilities. This dissertation will focus on an in-depth analysis of the current state, impact, dynamic development, and potential of these technologies within the context of innovative physics education. It will explore the possibilities of integrating AI into curricula and teaching methods, aiming to prepare exemplary educational activities supported by AI in a selected area of physics, along with methodological guidelines for their effective use. The empirical mixed methods research will be oriented towards analyzing the impact of these technologies on motivation and teaching efficiency at secondary and tertiary education levels. The work should also evaluate new perspectives on using AI, which could significantly enrich and transform current pedagogical practices in physics education.
The main goal of this dissertation is to theoretically and empirically evaluate the impact and potential of AI tools on improving physics education. Achieving this goal should be realized through integrating AI into physics curricula, creating corresponding educational activities supported by AI, and verifying and analyzing their impact on motivation and efficiency in secondary and tertiary education.
[1] J. W. Creswell and V. L. P. Clark, Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research, 3rd ed. London: SAGE Publications, Inc, 2017. ISBN 978-1-483346-98-4 [2] J. A. Bowen and C.E. Watson, Teaching with AI: A Practical Guide to a New Era of Human Learning. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2024. [3] M. N. Dahlkemper, S. Z. Lahme, and P. Klein, “How do physics students evaluate artificial intelligence responses on comprehension questions? A study on the perceived scientific accuracy and linguistic quality of ChatGPT,” Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res., vol. 19, no. 1, p. 010142, 2023 [4] A. Al-Marzouqi (ed.) et al., Artificial Intelligence in Education: The Power and Dangers of ChatGPT in the Classroom. Springer, 2024. ISBN 978-3-031-52280-2. [5] G. Kortemeyer, “Toward AI grading of student problem solutions in introductory physics: A feasibility study,” Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res., vol. 19, no. 2, p. 020163, 2023 [6] D. Borovský, J. Hanč, and M. Hančová, “Innovative approaches to high school physics competitions: Harnessing the power of AI and open science”, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., roč. 2715, č. 1, s. 012011, 2024 [7] W. Xu and F. Ouyang, "The Application of AI Technologies in STEM Education: A Systematic Review from 2011 to 2021," International Journal of STEM Education, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 59, 2022.
doc. RNDr. Jozef Hanč, PhD.
Biophysics (BFd)
New approaches in photodynamic therapy targeting pathogens
SK
Antibacterial resistance represents a rapidly growing global challenge, highlighting the urgent need to develop innovative approaches capable of effectively eliminating pathogenic microorganisms without relying on last‑line antibiotics. One promising strategy is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), which uses light and a photosensitizer to generate reactive oxygen species. These radicals induce damage to the peptidoglycan cell wall of bacteria, ultimately inhibiting their growth. While Gram‑positive bacteria are generally highly susceptible to aPDT, Gram‑negative bacteria often display significant resistance. The objective of this dissertation is to identify new strategies that enhance the efficacy of aPDT against Gram‑negative bacteria and bacterial biofilms, which can hinder light penetration and photosensitizer activation. The project will employ advanced delivery systems to stabilize photosensitizers and explore combinational approaches with antimicrobial agents. Methods of molecular and cell biology will be integrated with biophysical techniques, establishing an interdisciplinary framework to address the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance. The project will also include active international collaboration with research teams in Austria, Germany, and Turkey, with whom the Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences has long‑standing partnerships. This cooperation will expand experimental capabilities, support knowledge exchange, and contribute to better contextualization of research outcomes within the international scientific landscape.
The objective of this dissertation is to identify new strategies that enhance the efficacy of aPDT against Gram‑negative bacteria and bacterial biofilms, which can hinder light penetration and photosensitizer activation.
Wang X., Shi W., Jin Y. et al.: Photodynamic and photothermal bacteria targeting nanosystems for synergistically combating bacteria and biofilms. Journal of Nanobiotechnology (2025) 23:40 Huang K., Li F., Yuan K. et al.: A MOF-armored zinc-peroxide nanotheranostic platform for eradicating drug resistant bacteria via image-guided and in situ activated photodynamic therapy. Applied Materials Today (2022) 28: 101513 Hamblin M., Hasan T.: Photodynamic therapy: a new antimicrobial approach to infectious disease? Photochem Photobiol Sci. (2024) 3: 436-450
RNDr. Veronika Huntošová, PhD.
Mgr. Ľuboš Ambro, PhD.
Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLd)
New superconductors based on high-entropy alloys
SK
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a relatively new class of materials, which has recently been the subject of considerable interest in both basic and applied research. These alloys consist of several constituent elements (4 - 6), while individual elements occupy lattice positions with a high degree of disorder, i.e. with high configurational entropy. Superconductivity of HEAs, with transition temperature Tc up to approx. 10 K and a critical magnetic field up to approx. 20 T, is very stable and resistant to various chemical and mechanical influences. The topic of the proposed dissertation will be the preparation and research of the properties of new superconductors based on HEAs. These will include HEAs, which will incorporate light elements, e.g. nitrogen, carbon or hydrogen, which will lead to changes in their superconducting properties. In addition, the influence of pressure and thickness of HEAs thin films on their superconducting parameters will also be investigated. Under the guidance of the supervisor, the student will participate in the preparation and characterization of samples, experimental research, data analysis and presentation of the achieved results.
The aim of the proposed dissertation will be the preparation and research of the properties of new superconductors based on high-entropy alloys.
1. G. Pristáš, G.C. Gruber, M. Orendáč, J. Bačkai, J. Kačmarčík, F. Košuth, S. Gabáni, P. Szabó, Ch. Mitterer, K. Flachbart: Multiple transition temperature enhancement in superconducting TiNbMoTaW high entropy alloy films through tailored N incorporation, Acta Materialia 262 (2024) 119428. 2. G. Pristáš, J. Bačkai, Mat. Orendáč, S. Gabáni, F. Košuth, M. Kuzmiak, P. Szabó, E. Gažo, R. Franz, S. Hirn, G. C. Gruber, Ch. Mitterer, S. Vorobiov, K. Flachbart: Superconductivity in medium- and high-entropy alloy thin films: Impact of thickness and external pressure, Physical Review B 107 (2023) 024505.
RNDr. Gabriel Pristáš, PhD.
doc. RNDr. Karol Flachbart, DrSc.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Optical emission and electron spectroscopy of reactive sputtering and of the multicomponent ceramic coatings
SK
The advanced ceramic coatings for ultrahigh temperature applications consist of high melting point and heavy (Zr, Hf, Ru, W..) metallic elements strongly bonded with light elements (boron, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon with hydrogen) which result in difficulties in quantitative analysis when using conventional chemical methods. Usually, a combination of several analytical methods is necessary to obtain quantitative characterization of both light and heavy elements at the same time in the resulting compounds. However, the control of the coating composition requires also the control of the plasma composition during the deposition. Thus, the in situ methods of plasma composition should be combined with the methods applied to the coatings to determine the relationships controlling their chemistry, structure and properties. The work should employ both in-situ optical emission spectroscopy for the plasma control with the ex-situ glow discharge optical emission spectrocopy (GDOES), Raman spectroscopy as well as energy and wavelength disperse electron spectroscopy (and potentially also X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrocopy (SIMS)) methods on the carbide and boride based coatings for quantification of their chemistry to establish the correlations between the plasma characteristics and their structure and properties. The plasma study will be performed on the existing iPVD systems using OES system (Avantes, The Netherlands) and Raman microscope (XploRa, Horiba, France), GDOES (GD2, Horiba, France) as well as on the EDS and WDS (Oxford, UK) attached to the scanning electron microscopes. The introduction of new XPS and SIMS facilities is also anticipated.
Investigation of the relationships among the plasma characteristics and chemical composition and eventually, also structure and properties of the multicomponent ceramic coatings by means of in situ optical emission spectroscopy for the plasma control with the ex-situ glow discharge optical emission spectrocopy (GDOES), Raman spectroscopy as well as energy and wavelength disperse electron spectroscopy.
1. D.M. Mattox, Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processing, Mattox D.M., Noyes Publ., New Jersey, 1998. 2. N. Britun, T. Minea, S. Konstantinidis, R. Snyders, Plasma diagnostics for understanding the plasma-surface interactions in HIPIMS discharges” a review, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 47 (2014) 224001. doi: 10.1088/0022-3727/47/22/224001 3. F. Lofaj, M. Kabátová, J. Dobrovodský, G. Cempura, Hydrogenation and hybridization in hard W-C:H coatings prepared by hybrid PVD-PECVD method with methane and acetylene, Int. J. Ref. Met. Hard Mat., 88 (2020), 105211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2020.105211
doc. RNDr. František Lofaj, DrSc.
Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLd)
Slow magnetic relaxation in hybrid magnets
SK
The main objective of this PhD research is the study of slow magnetic relaxation in selected molecular magnets and preparation and magnetic characterisation of hybrid magnets based on Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) intercalated with functional anions based on molecular magnets with possible use in quantum technologies. LDHs are natural 2D materials with the unique flexibility of chemical composition. LDHs are composed of the M2+-M3+ mixed metal layers where the metal cations are surrounded by the edge-linked hydroxide octahedra. The positive charge of the metal layers is compensated by anions intercalated between them. More than one type of anion with different compositions, sizes, and charges can be intercalated using an anion exchange process and exchanged. The magnetic properties of LDH themselves with compositions of M2+= Co, Ni and/or M3+= Fe, Cr, Mn depend on the cation content and ratio, interlayer distance, and morphology. Spin-lattice relaxation in selected molecular magnets will be studied before and after intercalation in LDH. During the PhD research, a candidate will acquire the following practical skills: preparation of LDH, anion exchange, structure determination, SQUID magnetometry, and electron paramagnetic resonance.
The main objective of this PhD research is the study of slow magnetic relaxation in selected molecular magnets and preparation and magnetic characterisation of hybrid magnets based on Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) intercalated with functional anions based on molecular magnets with possible use in quantum technologies.
Current journal literature.
doc. RNDr. Erik Čižmár, PhD.
Physics (FdAj); Physics (Fd)
Entanglement and topological nontrivial quantum states in low-dimensional spin systems
SK
The aim of this PhD thesis is to study entanglement and topological properties of quantum states in low-dimensional spin systems. The work focuses on exact or numerically exact calculations of selected spin models in order to achieve a detailed analysis of their quantum correlations. Various entanglement measures will be investigated as diagnostic tools for identifying and characterizing entanglement in low-dimensional spin systems. Special attention will be devoted to topologically nontrivial Haldane and cluster-based Haldane phases and their entanglement structure. Furthermore, the thesis will explore quantum phase transitions between trivial and topological phases through entanglement signatures.
1. Perform exact or numerically exact calculations for selected low-dimensional spin systems. 2. Investigate distinct entanglement measures as diagnostics of entanglement in the low-dimensional spin systems. 3. Investigate topologically nontrivial Haldane and cluster-based Haldane phases and their entanglement structure. 4. Study of quantum phase transitions between trivial and topological phases via entanglement signatures.
1. L. Amico, R. Fazio, A. Osterloh, V. Vedral, Entanglement in many-body systems, Rev. Mod. Phys. 80, 517 (2008). 2. R. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, K. Horodecki, Quantum entanglement, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 865 (2009). 3. L.M. Veríssimo, M.S.S. Pereira, J. Strečka, M.L. Lyra, Universality of the topological phase transition in mixed-spin tetramer Heisenberg chains, Physica A 626, 129024 (2023).
doc. RNDr. Jozef Strečka, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Preparation and the experimental study of magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical applications
SK
The work is focused on the preparation and study of magnetic, structural and functional properties of nanoparticle systems that can be used in biomedicine as drug carriers, as contrast agent for MRI diagnostics and for magnetic hyperthermia. The results of magnetic measurements will be explained with regard to the correlation of their structural parameters (particle size, influence of surface anisotropy, etc.). Magnetic parameters that affect the use of studied nanoparticles in biomedicine will be specified. The appropriateness of the use of nanoparticles for a specific biomedical application will be monitored.
The work is focused on the preparation and study of magnetic, structural and functional properties of nanoparticle systems that can be used in biomedicine as drug carriers, as contrast agent for MRI diagnostics and for magnetic hyperthermia.
current research literature
doc. RNDr. Adriana Zeleňáková, DrSc.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Preparation of compacted and composite soft magnetic materials for low frequency applications
SK
The work is oriented to the investigation of the influence of technological procedures and dielectrics at the preparation of compacted and composite materials on their magnetic properties at magnetization reversal process in alternating magnetic fields in the range of low frequencies in a wide range of maximum magnetic inductions. The ferromagnetic component will be based on iron and nickel and the insulating binder are inorganic materials. The goal is also to compare the magnetic properties of the prepared materials with conventional ones used under similar physical conditions.
The work is oriented to the investigation of the influence of technological procedures and dielectrics at the preparation of compacted and composite materials on their magnetic properties at magnetization reversal process in alternating magnetic fields in the range of low frequencies in a wide range of maximum magnetic inductions. The ferromagnetic component will be based on iron and nickel and the insulating binder are inorganic materials. The goal is also to compare the magnetic properties of the prepared materials with conventional ones used under similar physical conditions.
1. R. M. Bozorth Ferromagnetism, third edition (IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ), 1993 2. H. Shokrollahi, K. Janghorban J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 189 (2007) 1 3. E. A. Périgo, B. Weidenfeller, P. Kollár, J. Füzer, Applied Physics Reviews 5, 031301 (2018);
prof. RNDr. Peter Kollár, DrSc.
Advanced Materials (PMdAj)
Preparation of compacted and composite soft magnetic materials for low frequency applications
SK
The work is oriented to the investigation of the influence of technological procedures and dielectrics at the preparation of compacted and composite materials on their magnetic properties at magnetization reversal process in alternating magnetic fields in the range of low frequencies in a wide range of maximum magnetic inductions. The ferromagnetic component will be based on iron and nickel and the insulating binder are inorganic materials. The goal is also to compare the magnetic properties of the prepared materials with conventional ones used under similar physical conditions.
The work is oriented to the investigation of the influence of technological procedures and dielectrics at the preparation of compacted and composite materials on their magnetic properties at magnetization reversal process in alternating magnetic fields in the range of low frequencies in a wide range of maximum magnetic inductions. The ferromagnetic component will be based on iron and nickel and the insulating binder are inorganic materials. The goal is also to compare the magnetic properties of the prepared materials with conventional ones used under similar physical conditions.
1. R. M. Bozorth Ferromagnetism, third edition (IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ), 1993 2. H. Shokrollahi, K. Janghorban J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 189 (2007) 1 3. E. A. Périgo, B. Weidenfeller, P. Kollár, J. Füzer, Applied Physics Reviews 5, 031301 (2018);
prof. RNDr. Peter Kollár, DrSc.
Physics (Fd)
Strange particles production studied via two-particle angular correlations in the ALICE experiment at the LHC
SK
Two-particle angular correlations provide an interesting tool to study jets and their modification in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions as well as in proton-proton (pp) collisions with high multiplicity [1]. Study of correlations involving (multi-)strange identified particles may offer an additional information about the particle production mechanisms at LHC energies either in small (e.g. pp or p-Pb) or in big collision systems (e.g. Pb-Pb). The aim of the thesis is to study angular correlations of (multi-)strange hadrons with non-identified charged hadrons as a function of multiplicity and transverse momenta in data of ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. Literature: [1] ALICE Collaboration: Investigating strangeness enhancement with multiplicity in pp collisions using angular correlations, JHEP 09 (2024) 204
Recent publications
doc. RNDr. Marek Bombara, PhD.
Mgr. Lucia Anna Tarasovičová, Dr. rer. nat.
Biophysics (BFd)
Protein-Based and Hybrid Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications
SK
Protein-based hydrogels are a versatile class of biomaterials, valued for their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to self-assemble into well-defined nanostructures. Beyond purely protein systems, hybrid hydrogels incorporating additional molecules or nanoparticles offer expanded functionality and tunable properties. These materials can be precisely engineered in terms of mechanical strength, chemical stability, and bioactivity, making them suitable for applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and biosensing.
The PhD thesis/dissertation will explore the design and fabrication of single- and multi-component protein and hybrid hydrogels, with a focus on how composition, crosslinking strategies, and external dopants influence structure, stability, and responsiveness under physiologically relevant conditions. Advanced characterization techniques will be employed to study nanostructure, self-assembly dynamics, and functional performance. The outcomes of this work aim to provide practical guidelines for creating multifunctional, programmable materials and to support their application in biomedical, bioengineering, and nanotechnology contexts.
Knowles, T.P.J & Buehler, M.J. Nanomechanics of functional and pathological amyloid materials. Nature Nanotech 2011, 6, 469-479 Iglesias V. et al. The dual nature of amyloids: From pathogenic aggregates to functional biostructures. Biochem (Lond) (2024) 46 (6): 21-26. Fallot, L. B. et al. From Pathology to Materials Science and Engineering: Harnessing the Amyloid State for Biotechnological Applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2025, 17, 62839−62859 Liu Y. et al. Engineered Protein Hydrogels as Biomimetic Cellular Scaffolds. Adv. Mater. 2024, 36, 2407794
Ing. RNDr. Katarína Šipošová, PhD.
Ing. Katarína Paulovičová, PhD.
Biophysics (BFd)
Directed Evolution of Haloalkane Dehalogenases.
SK
This doctoral thesis focuses on the engineering of haloalkane dehalogenases (HLDs), enzymes capable of degrading halogenated organic pollutants that pose a significant environmental risk. The primary objective is to develop novel enzyme variants with improved thermal stability and catalytic activity through the directed evolution of the hyperstable DhaA115 variant. The research will employ a combination of ribosome display and HaloTag technology, enabling the efficient selection of catalytically competent enzymes while overcoming the limitations associated with reversible enzyme–substrate interactions. Selected variants will be identified via high-throughput screening, recombinantly produced in E. coli, and subjected to comprehensive biophysical and structural characterization, including thermal stability assessment, kinetic analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The expected outcome is a deeper understanding of structure–function relationships in HLDs and the establishment of a transferable platform for dehalogenase evolution. The results may expand the portfolio of enzymes applicable in biocatalysis and environmental bioremediation, supporting the development of sustainable biotechnological solutions.
Main Objective: To develop novel variants of haloalkane dehalogenases with enhanced catalytic efficiency and stability using directed evolution and advanced biophysical and structural methods. Research Objectives: • Optimization of the directed evolution methodology for haloalkane dehalogenase • Identification and production of variants with improved activity and stability • Comprehensive biophysical and structural characterization and interpretation of structure-function relationships
1. Wang et al. (2021). Microbial degradation of halogenated compounds. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12:758886. 2. Damborský et al. (2001). Environmental applications of haloalkane dehalogenases. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20, 2681–2689. 3. Koudelakova et al. (2013). Haloalkane dehalogenases in biotechnology. Biotechnology Journal, 8. 4. Turner (2009). Directed evolution drives the next generation of biocatalysts. Nature Chemical Biology, 5, 567–573. 5. Siddiqui (2016). Protein engineering for stability and function. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 37, 309–322. 6. Hanes & Plückthun (2000). Ribosome display for protein engineering. Nature Biotechnology, 18, 1287–1292.
prof. RNDr. Erik Sedlák, DrSc.
RNDr. Michal Nemergut, PhD.
Physics education (TVFd)
Development the skill of argumentation in the conceptual physics course
SK
The student's understanding of physics concepts and phenomenon can be verified through qualitative tasks and their physics interpretation. The ability to appropriately use the most important arguments, to correctly organize them into a comprehensive explanation of a physics concept or phenomenon are signs of the skill of arguing. The content of conceptual physics courses will be analyzed as part of the dissertation. The doctoral student will process a thematically sorted set of qualitative tasks and their clarification at the level of high school physics. For physics teachers, he will create a education course, which will provide basic starting points and materials for the application of qualitative tasks in the teaching of physics at the secondary school. The development of the ability to argue and the level of the student's conceptual understanding of selected physical terms and phenomena will be investigated on a selected sample of high school students.
1. Map the approach to creating the content of conceptual physics courses and the teaching methods used in their implementation. 2. Process a thematically sorted set of qualitative tasks and their clarification at the level of high school physics. 3. Create and implement a course of continuous education for physics teachers focused on teaching conceptual physics in high school. 4. On a selected sample of high school students, examine the development of students' argumentative skills and the level of students' conceptual understanding.
[1] Taşlıdere, Erdal & Eryilmaz, Ali. (2009). Alternative to Traditional Physics Instruction: Effectiveness of Conceptual Physics Approach. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (EJER). 9. 109-128. [2] Aina, Jacob. (2017). Investigating the Conceptual Understanding of Physics through an Interactive Lecture- Engagement. Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education-CIJE. 6. 82-96. [3] Price, Edward & Goldberg, Fred & Robinson, Steve & McKean, Michael. (2016). Validity of peer grading using Calibrated Peer Review in a guided-inquiry, conceptual physics course. Physical Review Physics Education Research. 12. 10.1103/PhysRevPhysEducRes.12.020145. [4] Walker, Jearl. (2023). The Flying Circus of Physics, 2nd ed.
doc. RNDr. Marián Kireš, PhD.
Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLdAj)
Specifics of magnetization processes in soft magnetic composites
EN
The work is focused on investigating the specifics of magnetization processes in DC and AC magnetic fields in soft magnetic composites in comparison with magnetization processes in conventional ferromagnets.
1. R. M. Bozorth Ferromagnetism, third edition (IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ), 1993 2. H. Shokrollahi, K. Janghorban J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 189 (2007) 1 3. E. A. Périgo, B. Weidenfeller, P. Kollár, J. Füzer, Applied Physics Reviews 5, 031301 (2018)
prof. RNDr. Peter Kollár, DrSc.
Physics (FdAj)
Strange particles production studied via two-particle angular correlations in the ALICE experiment at the LHC
EN
Two-particle angular correlations provide an interesting tool to study jets and their modification in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions as well as in proton-proton (pp) collisions with high multiplicity [1]. Study of correlations involving (multi-)strange identified particles may offer an additional information about the particle production mechanisms at LHC energies either in small (e.g. pp or p-Pb) or in big collision systems (e.g. Pb-Pb). The aim of the thesis is to study angular correlations of (multi-)strange hadrons with non-identified charged hadrons as a function of multiplicity and transverse momenta in data of ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. Literature: [1] ALICE Collaboration: Investigating strangeness enhancement with multiplicity in pp collisions using angular correlations, JHEP 09 (2024) 204
Recent publications
doc. RNDr. Marek Bombara, PhD.
Mgr. Lucia Anna Tarasovičová, Dr. rer. nat.
Advanced Materials (PMdAj)
Structural study of disordered and quasi-ordered metallic alloys using electron and XRD scattering.
EN
Phase transitions of solids from the disordered state to complex structures ordering are subject of modern research. The relationship between initial and final structure state play an important role at forming of the new structures having advanced physical and chemical properties. The variations of external conditions, e.g. strong magnetic fields or extremal temperature changes, can substantially affect the final properties of solids as well. The main highlight of dissertation thesis will be the study of atomic structure and stability of inducted phases of promising advanced materials in relation to their properties, employing electron and X-ray diffraction techniques. The experimental approach, using transmission electron microscope JEOL 2100F UHR, will be emphasized. However, for successful completing of dissertation thesis, it will be necessary to carry out experiments at electron microscopy centres and synchrotron facility abroad.
1.) Preparation of master alloys and bulk metallic glasses. 2.) Thermo-mechanical processing and testing of mechanical and physical properties of bulk metallic glasses. 3.) Local atomic structure investigation of amorphous phases and its correlation to physical and mechanical properties. 4.) Study of amorphization and crystallization processes and related thermo-mechanically induced phase transformations in crystalline phases.
Williams D. B. and Crater C. B.: Transmission electron microscopy. 2nd ed., Springer Science, 2009, ISBN 978-0-387-76500-6. Inoue A. and Suryanarayana C.: Bulk metallic glasses. CRC Press, Talyor and Francis Group, 2011, ISBN-13: 978-1-4200-8597-6 Miller M. and Liaw P.: Bulk metallic glasses: An overview. Springer Science, 2008, ISBN 978-0-387-48920-9. Als-Nielsen J. and McMorrow D.: Elements of Modern X-ray Physics. 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2011, ISBN 978-0-470-97395-0
Ing. Vladimír Girman, PhD.
prof. RNDr. Pavol Sovák, CSc.
Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLd)
Specifics of magnetization processes in soft magnetic composites.
SK
The work is focused on investigating the specifics of magnetization processes in DC and AC magnetic fields in soft magnetic composites in comparison with magnetization processes in conventional ferromagnets.
1. R. M. Bozorth Ferromagnetism, third edition (IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ), 1993 2. H. Shokrollahi, K. Janghorban J. Mater. Proc. Technol. 189 (2007) 1 3. E. A. Périgo, B. Weidenfeller, P. Kollár, J. Füzer, Applied Physics Reviews 5, 031301 (2018)
prof. RNDr. Peter Kollár, DrSc.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Structure and properties of lead-free ferroelectric ceramics
SK
The dissertation will be focused on the research and development of advanced electroceramics, derived from lead-free perovskite-structured ferroelectrics. In course of dissertation work, theoretical and experimental approaches will be employed including material processing, X-ray diffraction and the Rietveld refinement method, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and characterization of specific electro-physical properties of functional ceramics. For analytical assessment of the macroscopic properties with respect to the chemical and structural nature of electroceramics, an extended technique of dielectric spectroscopy will be adopted to study ferroelectric phase transitions.
The dissertation will be focused on the research and development of advanced electroceramics, derived from lead-free perovskite-structured ferroelectrics.
current research literature
RNDr. Vladimír Kovaľ, PhD.
Physics (Fd)
Vector meson production study at ALICE experiment
SK
The study of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) provides answers to fundamental questions about the origin of the universe, the fundamental properties of matter, and the strong interactions, which are key not only to particle physics but also to cosmology. The ALICE experiment at the LHC is focused on investigating heavy-ion collisions that create extreme conditions similar to those that prevailed in the universe shortly after the Big Bang. The analysis of vector mesons yields important insights into interactions between hadrons and the dynamics of the QGP, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of quark behavior, the strong interaction, and processes that play a significant role in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. A PhD student is expected to familiarize themselves with the physical phenomena of the behavior of strongly interacting nuclear matter at extreme energy densities and high temperatures, study the results of previous experiments mainly at RHIC and SPS and their interpretation. They should study the detectors and the trigger system of the experiment, learn how to use simulated cases and programs such as ROOT and Online-Offline Computing System (O2) to determine the detector response from Run 3 data, processing efficiency, establish and verify criteria for the selection of studied particles. They should be able to work in a distributed system such as Hyperloop and compare the results of physical analysis with model results.
1. The ALICE experiment: A journey through QCD, CERN-EP-2022-227, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.04384
RNDr. Martin Vaľa, PhD.
doc. RNDr. Janka Vrláková, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Structural modifications study of metallic glasses under the influence of external parameters using TEM and synchrotron radiation.
SK
Due to the lack of long-range periodic atomic arrangement, metallic glasses exhibit several exceptional characteristics that surpass or significantly differ from the commonly used crystalline metallic alloys of the same composition. These characteristics include excellent mechanical properties (nearly theoretical strength values, extreme hardness, excellent elastic properties, etc.), high corrosion resistance, and excellent magnetic properties (low coercivity and high magnetic saturation, low thermal expansion at temperatures below the Curie temperature). These changes will be studied in-situ using modern scattering and imaging techniques employing high-intensity X-ray sources of large scale national and international facilities. These measurements will be combined with standard laboratory techniques such as SEM, DSC, AFM, TEM, and more.
The aim of this work will be to monitor and understand the relationship between changes in the local atomic structure and the macroscopic properties in selected metallic glass systems under the influence of external parameters such as force (tension/compression), temperature, or magnetic field.
Current research literature
prof. RNDr. Pavol Sovák, CSc.
Ing. Vladimír Girman, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Structural modifications study of metallic glasses under the influence of external parameters using TEM and synchrotron radiation.
SK
Due to the lack of long-range periodic atomic arrangement, metallic glasses exhibit several exceptional characteristics that surpass or significantly differ from the commonly used crystalline metallic alloys of the same composition. These characteristics include excellent mechanical properties (nearly theoretical strength values, extreme hardness, excellent elastic properties, etc.), high corrosion resistance, and excellent magnetic properties (low coercivity and high magnetic saturation, low thermal expansion at temperatures below the Curie temperature). The aim of this work will be to monitor and understand the relationship between changes in the local atomic structure and the macroscopic properties in selected metallic glass systems under the influence of external parameters such as force (tension/compression), temperature, or magnetic field. These changes will be studied in-situ using modern scattering and imaging techniques employing high-intensity X-ray sources of large scale national and international facilities. These measurements will be combined with standard laboratory techniques such as SEM, DSC, AFM, TEM, and more.
The aim of this work will be to monitor and understand the relationship between changes in the local atomic structure and the macroscopic properties in selected metallic glass systems under the influence of external parameters such as force (tension/compression), temperature, or magnetic field.
Current research literature
prof. RNDr. Pavol Sovák, CSc.
Ing. Vladimír Girman, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMde)
Study of the influence of technological procedures on the magnetization processes of non-oriented FeSi steels
SK
The work is focused on investigating the relationship between process parameters of high-silicon electrical steels production and their magnetic characteristics important for their use in electric motors. The goal is to understand the relationship between changes in thermomechanical processing of the material under production conditions and magnetic properties. The research will use laboratory simulations of production steps and experimental measurements of magnetic properties with an emphasis on identifying key relationships.
The work is focused on investigating the relationship between process parameters of high-silicon electrical steels production and their magnetic characteristics important for their use in electric motors. The goal is to understand the relationship between changes in thermomechanical processing of the material under production conditions and magnetic properties. The research will use laboratory simulations of production steps and experimental measurements of magnetic properties with an emphasis on identifying key relationships.
1. H. Kronmüller, S. Parkin: Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials, Wiley 2007. 2. I. Chikazumi: Physics of feromagnetism, Oxford Science Publications, Oxford University Press 1999. 3. J.M.D. Coey: Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Cambridge University Press 2009
prof. RNDr. Peter Kollár, DrSc.
Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLd)
Study of 2D effects in 3D intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides.
SK
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, in general, allow the realization of unique quantum phenomena unattainable in the common three-dimensional (3D) world. A prime example is graphene. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have a similar structure. Both can be stacked to form van der Waals heterostructures or can be exfoliated into single layers. But TMDs have an extra variety of excellent properties, including strong spin-orbit coupling and superconductivity. However, 2D structures are prone to degradation and impractical for applications. 3D materials are robust, easily scalable and accessible to a larger range of scientific analytical techniques. Therefore, it is desirable to find ways of protecting unique features of 2D materials in their 3D counterparts. An effective strategy to "embed" 2D behavior into 3D TMDs is to intercalate functional layers between TMD sheets. As evidenced by the growing number of recently published articles, such 3D materials can feature interlayer conductivity, while retaining the properties of 2D TMDs. We will study the physical properties of materials comprised of various TMDs intercalated by different functional layers, focusing mainly on 2D quantum phenomena manifested in these 3D compounds. In addition to macroscopic physical characteristics, we will explore their local electronic properties utilizing our state-of-the-art low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope.
We will study the physical properties of materials comprised of various TMDs intercalated by different functional layers, focusing mainly on demonstrating the presence of 2D quantum phenomena in these 3D compounds. In addition to macroscopic physical characteristics, we will explore their local electronic properties utilizing our state-of-the-art low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope.
Samuely, T. et al. (2023). Protection of Ising spin-orbit coupling in bulk misfit superconductors. Physical Review B, 108(22), L220501. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.L220501 Samuely, P. et al. (2021). Extreme in-plane upper critical magnetic fields of heavily doped quasi-two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Physical Review B, 104(22), 224507. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.104.224507 Leriche, R. T et al. (2020). Misfit Layer Compounds: A Platform for Heavily Doped 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. Advanced Functional Materials, 2007706. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202007706 Klemm, R. A. (2015). Pristine and intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide superconductors. Physica C: Superconductivity and Its Applications, 514, 86–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2015.02.023
Mgr. Tomáš Samuely, PhD., univerzitný docent
Advanced Materials (PMdAj)
Thin-film non-equiatomic high-entropy alloys: relationship between structure and magnetic properties
EN
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a new class of multifunctional materials characterized by high configurational entropy and a wide compositional space. The transition from equiatomic to non-equiatomic compositions significantly expands the possibilities for stabilizing different crystal phases and enables targeted tuning of physical properties. The magnetic properties of HEAs are strongly influenced by chemical disorder, differences in atomic radii, and the mixing enthalpy of the constituent elements. In thin-film form, defects, internal stresses, and dimensional effects also play an important role and can be further modified by thermal treatment (annealing) and mechanical deformation. The dissertation will focus on the preparation of thin-film HEAs using multi-source magnetron co-deposition, which allows precise control of chemical composition. The structural state will be analyzed using XRD, TEM, and AFM. Magnetic properties will be studied using SQUID magnetometry and MOKE measurements. Special attention will be devoted to identifying the type of magnetic ordering, determining magnetic transition temperatures, and analyzing changes in magnetic parameters after annealing and controlled deformation of the samples.
The main goal of the dissertation is the preparation of thin-film non-equiatomic high-entropy alloys (HEAs) by co-deposition magnetron sputtering and systematic investigation of their magnetic properties as a function of composition, crystal structure, and external factors.
current research literature
doc. Mgr. Vladimír Komanický, Ph.D.
Dr. Serhii Vorobiov, PhD.
Physics (FdAj)
Topological phases in frustrated antiferromagnetics
EN
An antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya spin exchange interaction (DMI) can lead to the formation of twisted magnetic structures. These topological states have attracted much interest mainly after the experimental observation of nontrivial magnetic configurations, called magnetic skyrmion lattices, which have potential technological applications [1]. In ferromagnetic (FM) systems, the skyrmion phase arises from the competition between FM interactions and DMI and it is stabilized by a magnetic field and thermal fluctuations. A similar antiferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmion phase has been discovered in the frustrated classical AFM triangular-lattice Heisenberg model in the field not only with DMI [2] but also without DMI due to further neighbor exchange interactions [3]. It has been shown that magnetic frustration can improve stability of the skyrmion phase [4] and that the usage of AFMs in skyrmion-based devices has certain advantages over the implementation of FM magnets [5].
Theoretical search for suitable candidates among frustrated antiferromagnets that would display skyrmion or other topological phases with physically and technologically interesting properties.
1. N. Romming, C. Hanneken, M. Menzel, J. E. Bickel, B.Wolter, K. von Bergmann, A. Kubetzka, and R. Wiesendanger, Science 341, 636 (2013). 2. H. D. Rosales, D. C. Cabra, and Pierre Pujol, Phys. Rev. B. 92, 214439 (2015). 3. T. Okubo, S. Chung and H. Kawamura, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 017206 (2012). 4. H. Y. Yuan, O. Gomonay, and Mathias Kläui, Phys. Rev. B 96, 134415 (2017). 5. J. Barker, O. A. Tretiakov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 147203 (2016); W. Legrand et al., Nature materials 19, 34 (2020).
prof. RNDr. Milan Žukovič, PhD.
Physics (Fd)
Topological phases in frustrated antiferromagnetics
SK
An antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya spin exchange interaction (DMI) can lead to the formation of twisted magnetic structures. These topological states have attracted much interest mainly after the experimental observation of nontrivial magnetic configurations, called magnetic skyrmion lattices, which have potential technological applications [1]. In ferromagnetic (FM) systems, the skyrmion phase arises from the competition between FM interactions and DMI and it is stabilized by a magnetic field and thermal fluctuations. A similar antiferromagnetic (AFM) skyrmion phase has been discovered in the frustrated classical AFM triangular-lattice Heisenberg model in the field not only with DMI [2] but also without DMI due to further neighbor exchange interactions [3]. It has been shown that magnetic frustration can improve stability of the skyrmion phase [4] and that the usage of AFMs in skyrmion-based devices has certain advantages over the implementation of FM magnets [5].
Theoretical search for suitable candidates among frustrated antiferromagnets that would display skyrmion or other topological phases with physically and technologically interesting properties.
prof. RNDr. Milan Žukovič, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Transmission electron tomography of advanced materials.
SK
The dissertation focuses on the comprehensive development and application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron tomography methodologies for the three dimensional (3D) characterization of dual-phase materials. It begins with a systematic treatment of the theoretical foundations of TEM and the physical principles underlying tomographic reconstruction processes, which together form the essential framework for effective and reliable 3D imaging. Subsequently, the work concentrates on the design and optimization of procedures for preparing suitable TEM specimens to ensure adequate electron transparency, minimization of reconstruction artefacts, mechanical stability, and minimal beam induced degradation representing the factors of particular importance when investigating dual-phase systems with sensitive or heterogeneous properties. A significant part of the research is devoted to optimizing the conditions for tomographic data acquisition. The dissertation addresses the selection of an appropriate imaging regime, the control of electron dose, and the determination of tilt series parameters in order to achieve a balance between high reconstruction quality and protection of the material from damage. In the domain of data processing, various reconstruction algorithms are implemented and compared, including classical iterative methods as well as modern approaches employing modifications of standard reconstruction schemes. Their accuracy, robustness against noise and artefacts, and suitability for the specific characteristics of dual-phase systems are critically evaluated. The resulting 3D volumes are subsequently used for quantitative analysis of the morphology and spatial distribution of the individual phases. The work focuses on determining shape parameters, volume fractions, connectivity, and interfacial characteristics between phases. The primary contribution of the dissertation is the development of a new reconstruction algorithm designed to effectively compensate for artefact influence and enable reliable and quantitatively precise 3D characterization of dual-phase materials using electron tomography.
1. To master the theoretical foundations of transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography. 2. To design, optimize, and implement procedures for preparing suitable TEM specimens of two‑phase materials with respect to the requirements of electron tomography. 3. To optimize acquisition conditions for obtaining tomographic data of two‑phase materials. 4. To implement, analyze, and mutually compare selected algorithms for three‑dimensional volume reconstruction. 5. To perform quantitative 3D analysis of the morphological characteristics and spatial distribution of phases in two‑phase materials.
D. B. Williams, C. B. Carter: Transmission Electron Microscopy: A Textbook for Materials Science. 2nd ed., 2009, ISBN 978-0-387-76500-6. J. Frank: Electron Tomography: Methods for Three-Dimensional Visualization of Structures in the Cell. 2006, ISBN 978-0-387-31234-7. P. A. Midgley, S. Bals: Electron Tomography. In Handbook of Nanoscopy 1, 2012, ISBN: 9783527317066. Scientific journal sources.
Ing. Vladimír Girman, PhD.
doc. RNDr. Jozef Bednarčík, PhD.
Physics (Fd)
Transport properties of metallic altermagnets
EN
First principles electronic structure calculations represent state-of-the-art parameter free theoretical approach. A significant interest from fundamental point of view has recently attracted altermagnetic materials [1,2]. Altermagnets, distinguished as the third magnetic phase, posses properties of antiferromagnets from magnetic point of view but their electronic states in particular parts of the Brillouin zone resembles ferromagnetic materials. The aim of the thesis is to use first-principles calculation within density functional theory [3] to study electronic structure and magnetism of selected three-dimensional and two-dimensional altermagnets relevant for future technological applications.
Calculate transport properties of selected altermagnetic materials from first-principles using density functional theory.
[1] I. Mazin and The PRX Editors, Phys. Rev. X 12, 040002 (2022). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.12.040002 [2] L. Šmejkal, J. Sinova, T. Jungwirth, Phys. Rev. X 12, 040501 (2022). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevX.12.040501 [3] E. Kaxiras, J. D. Joannopoulos, Quantum Theory of Materials, Cambridge University Press, 2019. ISBN 9781139030809
RNDr. Martin Gmitra, PhD.
Physics of Condensed Matter (FKLd)
Transport and STM studies in misfit layer non-centrosymmetric superconductors. Ising superconductivity, anisotropy and non-reciprocal transport.
SK
Misfit layer transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) have been an intrinsically non-centrosymmetric systems. We have shown [1-3] that such 3D materials can feature interlayer conductivity, while retaining the properties of fully two dimensional TMDs, including Ising superconductivity. Misfit layer TMDs are natural superlattices based on alternations of rocksalt chalcogenide layer with quadratic symmetry (Q) and hexagonal (H) TMD with variable stacking. Strong spin–orbit coupling, and built-in inversion breaking are combined.
The aim will be study of charge transfer between Q and H layers, out-of-plane and in-plane anisotropy in normals and superconducting state and non reciprocal transport of supercurrent (superconducting diode effect) will be studied.
[1] P. Samuely et al., Phys. Rev. B 104, 224507 (2021) [2] T. Samuely et al., Phys. Rev. B 108, L220501 (2023) [3] D. Volavka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 136 (2026), 016002
prof. RNDr. Peter Samuely, DrSc.
RNDr. Matúš Orendáč, PhD.
Physics (FdAj)
Vector meson production study at ALICE experiment
EN
The study of the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) provides answers to fundamental questions about the origin of the universe, the fundamental properties of matter, and the strong interactions, which are key not only to particle physics but also to cosmology. The ALICE experiment at the LHC is focused on investigating heavy-ion collisions that create extreme conditions similar to those that prevailed in the universe shortly after the Big Bang. The analysis of vector mesons yields important insights into interactions between hadrons and the dynamics of the QGP, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of quark behavior, the strong interaction, and processes that play a significant role in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. A PhD student is expected to familiarize themselves with the physical phenomena of the behavior of strongly interacting nuclear matter at extreme energy densities and high temperatures, study the results of previous experiments mainly at RHIC and SPS and their interpretation. They should study the detectors and the trigger system of the experiment, learn how to use simulated cases and programs such as ROOT and Online-Offline Computing System (O2) to determine the detector response from Run 3 data, processing efficiency, establish and verify criteria for the selection of studied particles. They should be able to work in a distributed system such as Hyperloop and compare the results of physical analysis with model results.
1. The ALICE experiment: A journey through QCD, CERN-EP-2022-227, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.04384
RNDr. Martin Vaľa, PhD.
doc. RNDr. Janka Vrláková, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Properties of soft magnetic composites based on structurally modified ferromagnetics
SK
The subject of the study will be soft magnetic materials prepared from powdered ferromagnetic particles and dielectric nanostructured ceramics. Mechanical and mechano-chemical methods will modify the geometrical, structural and technological characteristics of ferromagnetic powder particles. By modifying the shape, size, surface morphology, and chemical and phase composition of the particles, a large variability of the technological properties of the powders will be achieved, e.g. a significant change in the compressibility. By studying the development of the structure and analysing the physical properties of the composites depending on the compaction parameters, the mechanisms of the formation of functional properties will be identified and described, with a focus on clarifying the influence of the geometric characteristics of the ferromagnetic on the macroscopic properties of soft magnetic composites.
The subject of the study will be soft magnetic materials prepared from powdered ferromagnetic particles and dielectric nanostructured ceramics.
Current research journals
Ing. Radovan Bureš, CSc.
Biophysics (BFd)
Influence of lipids and mitochondrial membrane on the thermodynamic properties and stability of radical(s) of the catalytic center of cytochrome c oxidase
SK
Proton pumping is one of two mechanisms that utilize respiratory enzyme complexes to generate a transmembrane electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membranes and cytoplasmic membranes in bacteria. This phenomenon was discovered in the terminal complexes of the cellular respiratory system, cytochrome c oxidases (CcOs), which are found in all eukaryotes and some prokaryotes. Despite significant successes in revealing the mechanism of proton pumping, this phenomenon remains a fundamental unsolved problem in molecular bioenergetics. In CcO, proton pumping is enabled by the energy released during redox transitions between proton-pumping intermediates of the heme-copper catalytic center of CcO. However, direct determination of the amount of energy released during the transformations of these intermediates, as well as detection and determination of the identity of radicals existing in the feryl states of the catalytic center that participate in proton pumping in CcO, are still lacking. The main aim of this PhD. work is to determine the influence of lipids and mitochondrial membrane on the thermodynamic properties (ΔH and ΔG) of the transitions of the catalytic feryl intermediate of CcO and to detect, identify and determine the lifetime of the radical(s) in these states of CcO. This main goal will be achieved using several experimental techniques (isothermal titration calorimetry, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements) and several innovative approaches.
Determination of the importance and influence of the lipid and mitochondrial environment on the pH and temperature- dependence of enthalpy changes and the number of consumed protons during transitions of the ferryl states. An influence of the mitochondrial membrane on the formation and migration of a radical from the catalytic site of the PM state will be revealed as well.
1. Wikström, M. (Ed.). Biophysical and structural aspects of bioenergetics, RSC Publishing (2005), 2. Nicholls, D.G. and Ferguson, S.J. Bioenergetics 3, Academic Press (2002), 3. Mitchell, P. BBA 1807, 1507-1538 (2011), 4. Wikström, M. Nature 266, 271-273 (1977), 5. Wikström, M. et al. BBA Bioenerg, 1864, art. numb. 148933 (2023), 6. Shimada, A. et al. Frontiers in Chem. 11, art. numb. 1108190 (2023), 7. Rich, P.R. Biochem Soc. Trans. 45, 813-829 (2017)
prof. Mgr. Daniel Jancura, PhD.
RNDr. Marián Fabián, CSc.
doc. RNDr. Marek Stupák, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Effect of Non-Equilibrium Thermal Regimes on the Microstructure and Properties of Metallic Materials
SK
The doctoral thesis is focused on the study and targeted modification of the microstructure of metallic materials intended for additive manufacturing, with particular emphasis on the kinetics of first-order phase transformations. The aim of the thesis is to investigate selected metallic systems prepared in amorphous, nanocrystalline, and polycrystalline states using various preparation methods. Special attention will be devoted to ultra-fast thermal processing, particularly the flash annealing method, employing heating rates in the range of 10–10,000 K/s, which enable precise control of phase transformations under strongly non-equilibrium conditions. Comprehensive structural characterization will be carried out using optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction under laboratory conditions, as well as advanced techniques utilizing synchrotron radiation, Free Electron Laser (FEL) sources, and neutron diffraction. The expected contribution of this work is a deeper understanding of phase transformation kinetics under extreme thermal regimes and their influence on the relationship between the microstructure and properties of metallic materials. The obtained results may significantly contribute to the development of advanced materials for additive manufacturing technologies and their practical application.
1. To investigate the kinetics of first-order phase transformations in selected metallic materials subjected to non-equilibrium thermal regimes during ultra-fast heating/cooling. 2. To establish the relationship between processing conditions, microstructure, and physical properties of materials prepared in amorphous, nanocrystalline, and polycrystalline states, and to identify microstructural parameters critical for their optimization for additive manufacturing. 3. To develop and validate microstructure-tailoring strategies for 3D-printable metallic materials, including powder preparation, supported by comprehensive multiscale structural characterization using advanced diffraction and microscopy techniques.
[1] L. Lü, J. Y. H. Fuh, and Y. S. Wong, “Selective Laser Sintering,” Laser-Induced Materials and Processes for Rapid Prototyping. Springer US, pp. 89–142, 2001. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1469-5_5.
doc. RNDr. Jozef Bednarčík, PhD.
Biophysics (BFde)
The effect of selected pesticides on the genetic material of cells.
SK
The use of pesticides is a persistent ecological problem, so it is necessary to study their action at different levels of living organisms. At present, many scientific institutions deal with the effect of these toxic substances from several perspectives, for example from the point of view of their genetic action or effects on the formation of free radicals in tissues. The dissertation project is focused on investigating the interactions of pesticide molecules with the genetic material of eukaryotic cells, which will be in the first stage of linear and circular DNA. Another target are histones - small basic proteins that form the nucleus of nucleosomes located in the cell nucleus. The nucleosome nucleus consists of the so-called histone octamer, enveloped by circular DNA, which we will focus on after obtaining the results from the previous study. The task of the PhD student will be to determine by biophysical, physico-chemical and thermodynamic methods the mode and strength of interaction between pesticide molecules and the above-mentioned objects. The project will use spectrophotometric methods such as absorption, fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy, spatial spectra, optical dichroism, calorimetry and, in cooperation with the Institute of Genetics, genetic methods.
: The aim of the thesis is to determine the manner and strength of the interaction between pesticide molecules and the genetic material in cells, which is represented by the DNA molecule, followed by histones and the nucleus of nucleosomes.
• Vinay Mohan Pathak et al: Current status of pesticide effects on environment, human health and it´s eco-friendly management as bioremediation: A comprehensive review, 2022, Front. Microbil. Vol. 2, 1-22 p. • Verebová Valéria et al: Monitoring of DNA structural changes after incorporation of the phenylpyrazole insecticide fipronil, 2024, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Vol. 756, 110001, 1-10 p. • Verebová Valéria et al: The effect of neonicotinoid insecticide Thiacloprid on the structure and stability of DNA, 2019, Physiological Research, Vol. 69, suppl. 4, S459-S466.
doc. RNDr. Jana Staničová, PhD.
RNDr. Valéria Verebová, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Reactive sputtering of the compositionally complex ceramic coatings
SK
The development of magnetron sputtering is oriented toward technologies with high ionization degree of the sputtered material which provides better control of the deposition process as well as better coating properties. The most famous ionized PVD is the High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) and the relatively new technology High Target Utilization Sputtering (HiTUS) also belongs among these methods. High degree of ionization is achieved in the case of HiPIMS by very short duty cycle impulses with extremely high power density whereas in HiTUS by the power at an independent plasma source. The work should focus on the optimization of the deposition parameters of hard multicomponent carbide, boride and nitride coatings from the viewpoint of the control of their elastic and plastic properties by means of determination of dependencies among the deposition parameters, plasma characteristics, coating structures and their mechanical and tribological properties. The work will be performed on the iPVD systems Cryofox Discovery (Polyteknik, Denmark) and HiTUS C500 (PQL, UK) in combination with the electron microscopy observations (SEM, TEM) and measurements of mechanical properties.
Investigation of the influence of the deposition parameters of hard multicomponent carbide, boride and nitride coatings on their mechanical and tribological properties.
1. D.M. Mattox, Physical sputtering and sputter deposition (sputtering), pp. 343-405 in Handbook of Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) processing, Mattox D.M., Noyes Publ., New Jersey, 1998. 2. B. Cantor, I.T.H. Chang, P. Knight, A.J.B. Vincent, Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys (2004) Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 375-377 (1-2 SPEC. ISS.), pp. 213-218. doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.257 3. E. Lewin, E. Multi-component and high-entropy nitride coatings - A promising field in need of a novel approach J. Appl. Phys. 127, 160901 (2020); doi: 10.1063/1.5144154 4. F. Lofaj, L. Kvetková, T. Roch, J. Dobrovodský, V. Girman, M. Kabátová, M. Beňo, Reactive HiTUS TiNbVTaZrHf-Nx coatings: structure, composition and mechanical properties, Materials 16 (2) (2023) 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020563
doc. RNDr. František Lofaj, DrSc.
Biophysics (BFd)
Development of staphylokinases by methods of protein engineering.
SK
Protein stability is a fundamental determinant of protein folding, function, and applicability, yet its rational optimization remains a major challenge in protein engineering. This doctoral project aims to systematically investigate and engineer protein stability using ribosome display-based directed evolution integrated with computational analysis. The goal is to establish an experimental-computational platform capable of selecting stability-enhanced protein variants while elucidating sequence-stability-function relationships. Staphylokinase will serve as the model protein due to its well-characterized structure, available functional assays, and biomedical relevance as a potential thrombolytic agent. The research will combine variant library generation, next-generation sequencing, computational modelling, and quantitative biophysical characterization to experimentally validate predicted stability effects. Expected outcomes include a transferable methodological framework for stability-directed protein evolution, high-quality datasets supporting predictive model development, and identification of stability-enhanced staphylokinase variants with potential for future biomedical applications.
Main Objective: To establish and experimentally validate a platform for systematic investigation and engineering of protein stability through directed evolution integrated with computational approaches. Specific Objectives: 1. Develop and optimize ribosome display for the selection of stability-enhanced protein variants under destabilizing conditions. 2. Identify stabilizing mutations through computational analysis. 3. Experimentally characterize the stability and functional performance of selected staphylokinase variants and validate in silico predictions using biophysical methods.
1. Tokuriki, N., & Tawfik, D. S. (2009). Protein dynamism and evolvability. Current Opinion in Structural Biology, 19, 596–604. 2. Arnold, F. H. (1996). Directed evolution: Bringing new chemistry to life. Chemical Engineering Science, 51, 5091–5102. 3. Zeymer, C., & Hilvert, D. (2018). Directed evolution of protein catalysts. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 87, 131–157. 4. Hanes, J., & Plückthun, A. (1997). In vitro selection and evolution of functional proteins by ribosome display. PNAS, 94, 4937–4942. 5. Tsuboyama, K. et al. (2023). Large-scale analysis of protein stability effects of mutations. Nature, 620, 434–444. 6. Collen, D. (1998). Staphylokinase: A potent, uniquely fibrin-selective thrombolytic agent. Nature Medicine, 4, 279–284.
prof. RNDr. Erik Sedlák, DrSc.
Mgr. Mária Tomková, PhD.
Advanced Materials (PMd)
Novel enhanced oxidation-resistant ultra-high temperature carbides
SK
Dissertation work is focused on development of novel oxidation-resistant UHTCs through a systematic experimental based study in which the high-temperature properties (oxidation and ablation resistance, thermal shock resistance etc.) and mechanical behaviour of mono and binary refractory carbides will be studied. Different secondary phase materials with the incorporation of silicon will also be tested in the form of SiC and transitional metal silicides, which are known as protective glassy phase-forming compounds that can further improve the oxidation resistance of newly developed UHTCs. The accomplishment of the present PhD. thessis will generate fundamental knowledge that is needed for the design of novel more complex multi-principal element ceramics. Filling this lack of knowledge would be of great importance for whole materials science community.
Dissertation work is focused on development of novel oxidation-resistant UHTCs through a systematic experimental based study in which the high-temperature properties (oxidation and ablation resistance, thermal shock resistance etc.) and mechanical behaviour of mono and binary refractory carbides will be studied.
research journals
Alexandra Kovalčíková
Biophysics (BFd)
Establishment of advanced techniques for insect cell-based production of proteins.
SK
The production of eukaryotic proteins in bacterial expression systems is challenging due to several factors—low solubility and yield of proteins, the absence of post-translational modifications, and limitations in the production of membrane proteins. Insect cell expression systems serve as an excellent alternative, offering reliable protein production with simple glycosylation, post-translational modifications, and good scalability. This work focuses on establishing a methodology for protein production in insect cells—preparing and optimizing the expression system for the production of selected model proteins. The properties of the protein preparations will be characterized in subsequent steps using biophysical methods.
Objectives of the Work: • Preparation of recombinant baculovirus vectors for the expression of selected proteins • Transfection of Sf9 insect cells, small-scale protein expression, and quantification of expression using Western blot • Optimization of expression and "upscaling" of protein production • Chromatographic purification of proteins and optimization of the purification process • Characterization of the biophysical properties of the prepared proteins using circular dichroism and calorimetry
Insect cells-baculovirus system for the production of difficult to express proteins (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25447865/) Efficient production of a functional G protein-coupled receptor in E. coli for structural studies (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33501610/) GPCR expression using baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19513645/) Sf9 cells: a versatile model system to investigate the pharmacological properties of G protein-coupled receptors (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20705094/) Baculovirus-mediated expression of GPCRs in insect cells (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25857783/) Expression and purification of recombinant G protein-coupled receptors: A review (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31678667/)
prof. RNDr. Erik Sedlák, DrSc.
Mgr. Ľuboš Ambro, PhD.